West Nile virus is found in all 48 contiguous states not in Alaska and the virus circulates in mosquitoes and birds every year. Because West Nile virus is well established, some states and local jurisdictions are no longer collecting dead birds for testing.
Instead, they have chosen to shift staff and funding resources away from testing of dead birds to other areas of West Nile virus surveillance and control. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. West Nile virus. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Minus Related Pages.
How do birds get infected with West Nile virus? Top of Page What should I do if I find a dead bird? Top of Page Why did some states and local areas stop collecting dead birds to test for West Nile virus?
Pennsylvania has a West Nile Virus control program that includes testing mosquitoes and dead birds for the disease. The state also monitors for human and horse cases of WNV to determine the distribution of the disease throughout PA.
Disease transmission can be prevented with mosquito population control. People should use insect repellant and wear long sleeves and long pants to avoid mosquito bites when spending time outside. People should also drain standing water around their houses in order to minimize mosquito breeding grounds. There is currently a vaccine available for horses. Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Service. West Nile Virus brochure. West Nile Virus. McLean, R.
Arboviruses in birds. Pages in N. Thomas, D. Hunter, and C. Atkinson, editors. Infectious diseases of wild birds. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Wildlife Disease. National Wildlife Health Center. United States Geological Survery. Pollock, C. West Nile Virus in the Americas. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Birds become infected through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Western equine encephalitis WEE is a viral disease carried by mosquitoes. EEE is only spread to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. EEE is not spread person-to-person, people to animals, or animals to people. These viruses primarily cause disease in equine species e. What can I do to prevent Eastern Equine Encephalitis? Vaccinate your horses for EEE at least twice yearly.
Remove sources of standing water in pastures on your property. Spray horses with insect repellent. Yes , but these infections are very rare. WNV infection has occasionally been identified in dogs and cats.
Most cats or dogs infected with these viruses fully recover from the infection. How is Eastern Equine Encephalitis spread? EEEV is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. The primary EEEV vector is a swamp mosquito called the blacktailed mosquito Culiseta melanura which transmits the virus to birds, or becomes infected by feeding on infected birds in their swampland habitat.
The virus that causes EEE is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes become infected when they bite infected birds. Infected mosquitoes will then occasionally feed on horses, humans and other mammals. Signs of a deadly mosquito virus found in several states Only 2 percent to 6 percent of people who are bitten by mosquitoes carrying the virus go on to develop EEE.
Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis VEE virus can cause serious disease in horses, mules, burros and donkeys. Cattle, pigs and dogs can be infected asymptomatically. VEE can also infect a wide variety of laboratory animals. Onset of clinical signs of EEE are abrupt, and affected horses die within three days.
Signs of EEE in horses include fever; a sleepy appearance ; some muscle twitches of the head, neck, shoulder and flank; and a weak, staggering gait. Affected animals are soon down, unable to stand. There is no effective treatment. How is Eastern equine encephalitis diagnosed? Eastern equine encephalitis is diagnosed through bloodwork.
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